The Lhasa Express

February 28, 2008

I spent 36 hours and over 3000 kilometers in a train from Lhasa to Xi’an.  It was a good time to pull my head together and to read, but the views really stole the show…
 

landscape.jpg

Our second day in Tibet was to be the longest drive.  It took a good 8 hours to get to Lhatse and from the start I was not feeling up to the drive.  I had my first real bout of home-sickness and thought about all the people that have filled my life with joy back home in the states.  I closed my eyes and thought about Austin and then opened them back up to watch the Tibetan mountains slowly crawling past us.  It does not look like I expected it would up here and one could easily mistake this place for the desert mountains of Arizona or New Mexico.  It is very dry and there are not the fields of snow I expected.  The landscape is rugged, but in an arid sort of way.  I thought that there would be lush mountainous terrain with glacial rivers and foliage and an abundance of wildlife, but this place feels more like Mars than Colorado.  There are several places I have seen in the world that remind me I am on a rocky bubble of a planet amongst other, less hospitable bubbles in the solar system, and now Tibet is one of them.

Once we finally reached Lhatse and poured out of the Land Cruisers, I felt the altitude hit me.  My breathing was not nearly as effective and I felt slow and lethargic.  If we had not climbed up to the Everest Base Camp, I would have some trouble with the radical elevation changes that were taking place, and sure enough, the rest of our group began to get sick one by one.  By the time we left the next morning, over half of the group looked like they had barely slept and a handful of people were throwing up regularly.
Our next destination was Shigatse, the second largest city in Tibet. It is home of the Shigatse Fort and the Tashilhunpo Monastery, which used to be the home of the Panchen Lama.  As we pulled into town I borrowed Jacob’s iPod and listened to Strangers, a song that has been one of my favorites for several years now.  I decided not to bring along any music to Asia, which is like Keith Richards opting to lay off the drugs for 6 months and the first few weeks in India I was going through a serious withdrawal, but now I find that I listen with new ears whenever I do get the chance. I am excited to get back to all my musical gems but I do not regret my decision at all.  I found myself using music to escape in the states and that’s the last thing that I want to do with my brief time abroad.
We toured the monastery in Shigatse as a group, wandering amongst massive Buddhas and weaving through the monks.  I was in awe of the devotion that they felt for their faith, but couldn’t help wondering what it must have been like before the Chinese hit the scene.  There were about 5 times as many monks in each monastery then and the religion infiltrated every aspect of every Tibetan’s life.  The highlight of the monastery was a 26 meter tall statue of the Future Buddha sitting benevolently, waiting for the Earth to need his presence.  Once we finished our tour the group broke up and Jacob and I decided to go see the old town and the fort.  We met a little old man who, in broken English, tried to explain the history of the city and the fort.  He made us smoke a cigarette with him and we all stood looking up at the massive, rebuilt facade gasping for air through the harsh smoke.
The next stop on our tour was Gyantse where another monastery was waiting for us.  The main hall had been damaged by a fire some years back, but fortunately most of the ancient documents had been spared and were stacked 20 feet high around all the walls in all the little rooms.  My favorite chamber was the one which housed the protector god and had a number of terrifying masks along the walls.  A lone monk was in the room playing a drum and some cymbals while reciting prayers in Tibetan. In the dim light the effect was hypnotic.
The next building over was the Kumbum Stupa which has 100,000 images of the Buddha.  100,000!  I walked around the first floor stepping into each chapel and marveling at the intricate drawings on the walls and the statue of the Buddha in each one.  With my limited knowledge of the tenets of Tibetan Buddhism I had always assumed there was only one Buddha, but apparently there are many, and each one warranted a good long look.  But soon the bitter cold and the shear scale of the place got to me and I skipped the next floors to go straight to the top.  The view was quite breathtaking of the little city huddled next to the hills with a fort perched above in the distance.
It was here that our guide told us about the Tibetan sky funerals which are held for all Tibetans.  The body is taken to a mountain-top where the family watches a monk cut it up into little pieces and feed it to the vultures.  I thought about it as we drove down the dangerous looking icy road and the image has not left me yet.
We went to the little tea house that we were staying at for the night and the lot of us began to enjoy the company and the beer.  We played some group card games and a raucous drinking game that involved clapping hands and remembering everyone’s nicknames.  If you’ve ever seen Shanghai Noon with Jackie Chan and Owen Wilson, think back to that scene in the bathtubs and you’ll know how ridiculous we must have looked.  Just when we thought things were winding down for the evening, the woman who owned the tea house drunkenly came into the bar and began to dance with us.  She beckoned us into the other room and we joined up with the rest of the Tibetans who worked there to sing and cheer and dance and celebrate the end of the New Year’s festivities.  The night was getting very late (or the morning early) and the owner, now very drunk, requested our silence so she could sing us a song.  He voice warbled, but never wavered, and the melody was both tragic and wistful.  Our guide translated the lyrics for us after she finished:
The fields of Tibet were green,
But then they became red
And now I long to be free
But I’m trapped by the white mountains.
The people of Tibet are an oppressed people, but also unflinchingly optimistic.  Our guide, who is 26, got into some trouble for openly opposing the occupation of his homeland and was put into prison along with his friends where both his arms were broken.  His parents had to pay substantial bribes to get him out and he has never seen his friends since. 
The next morning was again a slow one and once we got moving again we made our way into Lhasa.  The landscape had changed dramatically and now we were passing big beautiful lakes and forcing our driver to stop frequently so we could stop and take pictures. 
Upon hitting Lhasa we were all amazed by the amount of sprawl.  There has been an influx of Han Chinese in the city since the completion of the railroad from the rest of the country (it is scheduled to continue on to Shigatse in the next year or two).  Our hotel was a five star affair and we were all amazed at our new, luxurious amenities.  The showers, for example, had two heads and little sideways jets too.  We were all beyond clean the next morning.
Of course the main sight to see in the city is the the Potala Palace, and it is an impressive hulking mass presiding over the city.  We were all in awe of its scale as we climbed the stairs to get inside and once we did we were again in awe of each and every room.  There were past Dalai Lama’s tombs made of gold and inlaid with precious stones, there were priceless works of art, there were cozy little sitting rooms, and there were many many pilgrims paying their respects.  During the Cultural Revolution, one of the Chinese generals even had his troops defend the place from would-be defacers to preserve its beauty.
Next we went north to the Sera Monastery and watched the monks debating out front.  It is a form of examination and the monk being questioned would pace back and forth in front of the teacher punctuating his statements with dramatic claps of his hands.  The assembled monks were a hodgepodge of faces and I spent a long time looking from one to the next, watching some listening intently and others barely able to keep their eyes open.  School is always school, I guess.
Another place that we visited was the Jokang Temple, which had more beautiful artwork and the most precious statue in the whole of Tibet, the Jowo Sakyamuni.  Up on the rooftop I looked out over the Barkhor circuit, a throng of people walking continuously in a big loop around the temple through a marketplace.  I would soon join them and feel the energy of the hawkers and barkers surging through me but just then I was content to look across to the Potala Palace on the hill.  The view was spectacular and I knew I would miss Tibet.

Hello all, Jesse here. I’m posting this on Frank’s behalf as he is inside China at the moment. Not every day you get to help defy a major Communist nation (other than by purchasing Beastie Boys music, of course).

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Hello everyone, I’m writing from behind the Great Firewall of China so I cannot actually access this site myself, but I wanted to let everyone know that I have safely arrived in Lhasa and will be taking a train into mainland China today.  It is a 36 hour journey to Xi’an.
Tibet has been amazing.  I was not sure what to expect from this trip beyond cold nights and high altitude, but it has turned out to be a wonderful experience.  We travelled the first day in a microbus up to the Chinese border climbing higher and higher and winding through river valleys and past tiny Nepali towns.  We stopped at a tourist hotspot where paying customers could bungee jump off a narrow suspension bridge several hundred feet above the rocks and water below.

Our group, assembled from various different countries and backgrounds, is about 25 strong.  Most everyone is in their 20’s and we’ve become quite the crew.  Every night at dinner I marvel that we’ve only known each other for a few days as the conversation flows as smooth as the Lhasa beer, which has been consumed en masse (and would you believe that Pabst Blue Ribbon has made it’s way into Tibet?).  As we all stood on the bridge at the border waiting to get into China, Jacob and I thought about the implications of entering a communist country and the whole idea of a nation clicked into focus in my mind.

I was humbled by the landscape.  The river along the border is fresh and quick, cutting sharply down from the mountains, and there is a marked difference between China and Nepal.  The stoic soldiers and construction of massive new buildings made the Nepali side look a bit like a cozy little shanty town.  My paper visa passed the test and we were across.  From the border we all poured into five Land Cruisers and begin to make our way over the rough, unpaved road to Zhangmu.

The Chinese government began to pave the Friendship Highway last year and already they have almost completed the entire 700 or so kilometers to Lhasa.  The road itself is an amazing feat, but to think of how quickly it has been completed baffles the mind.  There is no doubt that once it is done, more and more goods and people are going to be cruising through this previously remote part of the world.  We got caught in some traffic due to construction and once we got into Zhangmu a wedding procession stopped us again.  Our group got out and watched as the bride and groom, looking rather glum, waded through the throngs of drunken revelers.

The first night into Tibet, I went out drinking with some of the guys and as we walked from bar to bar the cultural differences between a night out in Austin and a night out in Tibet became very apparent.  Climbing the steps up to one of the bars, the booming folksy-sounding Tibetan music that had drawn us in from the street became louder and louder and pulling aside the drape of a door revealed a nearly empty room.  It was very dark and there was a little dance floor occupied by 4 or 5 kids that looked to be no more than 16 years old performing some archaic looking circle dance.

With a few beers in my system I was quick to try out my dancing feet and I tried to follow the pattern of steps and kicks as we spun in lethargic circles.  My eager attempts to introduce new steps into the fold were met with looks that seemed to say “Who do you think you are?” so I spun and hopped and jumped my way back to the guys laughing at my failure.  The song hadn’t changed in what felt like years so we pressed on to the next bar, which was just like the previous one.

The next day I was moving slow and we had a long ride ahead of us to Lhatse.  Our driver had decked out his Land Cruiser with fancy seat covers and a fuzzy rear-view mirror dog slip and he insisted on playing his cassette of modern Tibetan dance music.  The incessant beats were driving my brain into a wall and the frequent English samples of lines like “Whys it gotta be so damn hot in here?” or “C’mon party people, get sexy!” were not funny enough to make up for the endless 30 minute loop of music.  I vowed there and then that I would buy another tape at the first opportunity, no matter what it might be.

“It is the middle of winter and I am somewhere in the highest mountain range in the world, outside and on my back looking at the stars from over 16,000 feet above sea level.” That’s the moment of realization that I had in Lobouche, when the magnitude of this trek began to set in.

I got sick the day before we left. I had made it all the way through India, eating at a number of places that should have made my stomach liquefy, without the slightest hint of illness, but one plate of Shahi Paneer in Kathmandu did me in. I was miserable, unable to sleep through the night, and barely able to swallow food let alone process it for energy and nutrition. I was in no shape to attempt the toughest climbing of my life, forget the fact that I am in less than peak physical condition and have not exercised regularly since…

Dawa will be our guide and he is a master of this mountain. He has been to the summit twice and is going again in a couple months with a man attempting to be the first open heart surgery patient to make the peak. It will be just the two of them going up the Tibet side and back down into Nepal. He feels no pain. He is immortal on this mountain. I feel good knowing that he will be there to pull me up to the top if I need it.

Dawa

When the airport in Lukla finally was clear enough for our departure we climbed into a little bus and got shuttled out to a little prop plane on the tarmac. I had never been in a Twin Otter before. Before takeoff the stewardess, a beautiful Nepali woman, crouched down the aisle with a little basket full of candies and cotton balls. I deduced that the cotton was for our ears, as my view through the window was a close-up of the engine and propeller, and the candy must be handed out to sustain us for the first few hours after we crash into the mountains.

Jacob en route to Luckla

Without any ceremony, we were on our way. The little plane kicked forward with a jerk and we were coasting along toward the runway. From my seat I had a great view into the cockpit and was able to watch the pilot twisting knobs and pushing and pulling levers, which I did until I was confident he could at least set us down in a tree or on a slope of grass as opposed to a cliff face. The plane lifted with a whir and we were on our way. The ideal seats were on the left side of the plane, but a band of Korean trekkers had masterfully boarded the plane first despite our best efforts, so I got my first glimpses of the mountains I would soon be hiking in around the excited bobbing-head of a middle-aged Korean woman.

As we got closer in to the mountain the engines seemed to gasp a bit and I felt the bottom drop out. I looked out the front window and saw to my dismay a little spit of a runway angling up at about 45 degrees. There couldn’t have been more than 100 yards of it before a rock wall. I concentrated on breathing and began to open my first candy. Somehow we landed and spun around into a stop. The Koreans cheered and clapped.

We had been told that there was 2 feet of snow on the ground in Lukla, and while this turned out to be an overstatement, there was ice everywhere. I slipped and slid through most of the first two days to Namche Bazar where I succumbed to altitude sickness. I have never been higher than about 12,000 feet in my life and between my stomach and my lungs I was toasted. I tried to take my mind to the icicle waterfalls and magnificent suspension bridges from the hike to that point, but I couldn’t think about anything beyond the next 30 miserable seconds of existence. My head pounded and I was dizzy after climbing a flight of stairs. I knew that I wouldn’t make it up any farther and tried to think about how I would tell Jacob to go on without me.

Standard Everest Trail bridge

Another view of a standard Everest Trail bridge

The air was very thin and every time I exhaled, there was a panicked need to gasp in again. It came in waves. Sometimes I could go hours without thinking about breathing while other times I felt like I was constantly suffocating. That night it only got worse as it plummeted to 25 degrees below zero. The little room we were staying in had nothing in the way of insulation and I got little fits of sleep between long hours of shaking and coughing. And then…a miracle. The sun rose, I took an Immodium, and I had acclimated. Base Camp became a realizable goal again and I felt like a champ as I climbed up over the first ridge and Everest came into view.

My first glimpse of Everest

Most people are lucky to catch a glimpse of the peak through rolling clouds, but we were very, very lucky. There was nary a cloud in sight and the mountain looked crisp against the sky blue sky. The few initial minutes of glory turned into hours of heavy breathing and labored walking. We had revisited our packing decisions in Namche Bazar and decided there were a good many (heavy) things that we could do without. Still, the 500 meter climb from the riverbed to Tengbouche made my legs rubber. We were done for the day.

The little towns that dot the map up to base camp all have the same basic accommodation: tea houses. Each tea house is made from exactly the same materials, those that made their way up the mountain on the back of some poor Sherpa porter, but the mood is set by the decorations, the people, and the fuel for the fire. In Namche Bazar, Jacob and I were the only foreign trekkers and we spent much of our time in the cozy little room with Dawa, the women that owned the place, and the kid that did all of the grunt work. There were windows on all the walls, they played festive Nepali music, and they burned wood.

In Tengbouche the tea house was packed full of people. There were two old French couples in their 60’s chatting a bit and laughing on the outside, crying on the inside, when they had to go outside to use the Sherpa toilet. The inside toilets all freeze up in the winter leaving the cold breezy hole out back as the only option. Their Sherpa guide was nearly as old as they were and I don’t suspect they were planning on reaching base camp with the way they handled the climate. There was an Indian man who had been living in Hong Kong for a few years chatting with an American man who had been living in Taiwan and each of them had a Sherpa there to lead them up the mountain. We saw the Indian man again a few days later trudging his way along the rocks to base camp and we chatted a bit more with the American about where we should travel in China. I cozied up in the corner and began discreetly drawing the faces I saw. Soon a young British couple came in with their guide and everyone tried to get as close as they could to the Franklin stove in the center of the room. In Tengbouche, the fuel for the fire is dried Yak dung.

The next morning we set out to Dingbouche and our bodies had become well-oiled machines, pressing ever onward, ever upward. We began to lose people as they stopped to continue acclimating in Tengbouche or Dingbouche, but we continued unfazed. There was a pair of young Brits that had been trekking together through Dingbouche, but only one, Joe, remained. Paul had apparently turned back due to the heights. Joe and Paul made Jacob and I look like a professional team of climbers. They had bummed in from Thailand a few days earlier and were just winging it up the mountain. Joe had a cheap sleeping bag, some cheap boots and a cheap jacket that he’d bought in Kathmandu. He was practically wearing pajama pants and there had been a rumor amongst the travelers in Tengbouche that he’d gone for a dip in the glacial runoff of a river.

Joe had been a Royal Marine for a few years and served in both Afghanistan and Iraq. He joined the service at 18 to follow in the footsteps of his grandfather and personal hero, but found life in the service to be too much for him after a few years. He never saw any action and described his time in Afghanistan as a 6 month mountain hiking tour with guns. They were looking for Al Qaeda in little towns long after they had fled across the border, so they spent their tour of duty wandering the beautiful countryside in 2 week spurts. In Iraq he again was spared of action, but the wear and tear of a life in the war zone brought about a change in his outlook and he came back to Britain to go to school to become a teacher. When that couldn’t keep his interest he set out to the mountains of Nepal for a while. Now he was freewheeling up to Lobouche with meager supplies and dwindling funds. Paul had most of the money with him when he turned back down the mountain, so Joe had to move quickly if he wanted to get to the top. As we climbed up along a glacier we could see his little backpack bounding quickly onward up ahead.

Lobouche is an extreme little outpost. It sits at over 16,200 feet above sea level and the air has little oxygen to feed the blood. Everything is frozen, crisp and clear and the peaks look too close for comfort. Once we arrived I wandered out onto a ridge and had a beautiful moment with the sun. My shadow was cast out across the valley of rocks and ice and I felt significant in time and space. I thought about the glaciers that ran thickly past Lobouche within the last couple decades before retreating back up the mountain. Along the path that day we came upon a beautiful memorial site for the climbers that have lost their lives attempting to top Everest. The rock stupas were perched at the top of a steep slope in full view of a multitude of amazing looking mountains.

Memorial on the mountain

I thought much of the rest of the day about my aunt, Anne Kearl, who had hiked this very trail a number of years back before she died of cancer. I was too young to really know her before she passed away, but I suspect that we would have gotten along famously. My shadow sat down with me for a while and we watched the light changing across the snow and ice which was clinging to a 20,000 foot peak.  Then the sun set and I returned alone to the tea house.

Joe was in bad shape and retired early. He pushed too hard and was now living with the consequences. Jacob and I decided to take advantage of the clear night and we put on as many layers of clothes as we had and went out to see the stars. I cannot begin to do justice to the mirror ball that was the sky. We had to lie down to let it all soak in. The Milky Way was a dirty splash of light, the Seven Sisters were joined by several new sisters I had never seen before and Orion wore a glimmering coat of starry armor. We talked about the world that was stuck to our backs as satellites and shooting stars came closer than they ever had before. We were out there for about an hour, our extremities slowly losing feeling and succumbing to the winter’s chill, before going to our frosty room and shivering in our sleeping bags for a few hours.

When I woke up the next morning it dawned on me that I had been abroad for exactly one month. It was clear outside and we were going to be mounting Kala Patthar to take advantage of the perfect Everest viewing conditions. On my first day in India I had seen the Taj Mahal and now, bookending my first month would be an Everest view from over 18,200 feet above sea level. We hiked through Gorak Shep, home of the last permanent structures on the trail, and left our bags behind to make the little hop up the little mountain. We had over 1600 vertical feet to climb and the higher we got the windier it became. By the end I was gasping for air as I let the wind carry my wilted body from rocky point to rocky point. I was carried up the last 40 feet or so just moving my legs and holding out my arms for balance. At the top Jacob, Dawa, and I sat behind the shelter of a big rock, taking turns to explore the little outcrop at the top.

Flying up the mountain

Smug atop Kalapatthar

And there was Everest, right there… I felt like a god.

Everest

The views are too amazing for words, so here are a couple images and links to videos Jacob took from what is probably the highest place I will ever be:

Looking back down the valley
Across the valley

The Monster

Some links to videos from our epic climb:

We ambled back down against the fighting winds and had a cozy evening in Gorak Shep. The next morning the clouds packed in around the mountain and we were glad we had gone for Kala Patthar while it was still clear out. This was perfect Base Camp weather though, and we walked through falling snow, over rocks and out onto the glacier to get to base camp. Dawa warned us about the crevasses that we might fall into right as we started along the moving hulk of frozen water, so my eyes were active and my feet were nimble. It was the coldest I have ever been in my life.

Dawa on the road to Base Camp
the lonely road to Base Camp

We stood at base camp for a while trying to take it all in. A few hundred yards from us was the ice fall, where most climbers lose their lives. It was very humbling to be so close to a monster. The glacier that once flowed all the way down to the valley below Dingbouche maintained its hulking glory up here on top of the world. The ice flow was like a tsunami frozen in time, complete with jagged waves. On the way back to Gorak Shep we passed some debris from a Russian helicopter that had crashed while attempting to land at base camp. The wind tossed it around like a toy and the helpless little blades had barely any air to cut through to regain traction. This is a beautifully brutal place.

We passed a few groups struggling past Gorak Shep before beginning our descent to Pheriche, over 1000 meters down and 25 kilometers away. We bumped into Joe along the way who had gone to Kala Patthar that morning and looked at the inside of clouds before giving up and heading down. He still had not found Paul, but was sure he would be waiting in Namche Bazar. I sang songs to myself all the way down and couldn’t believe I had made it all the way.The next two days were a rush of oxygen flowing back into my body as we dropped lower and lower into the atmosphere. By the time we hit Lukla again, I felt amazing. We came across Joe just outside town and heard the final part of his saga (hopefully). Paul had apparently flown back to Kathmandu with all the money, leaving Joe penniless on the mountain. He had traded his jacket, watch, and gloves for food and lodging and was eventually taken in by a kind soul who spoke no English, but could see the peril of a fellow man’s situation. We ran into the American from Taiwan, Brian, who made it as far as Lobouche before the altitude forced him down. Everyone, it seemed, had a little adventure on the mountain and we were all ready to get back to the city. 

The next morning we all crowded into the airport and waited for the flights to come.  After an uneventful 45 minutes in the air we touched down in Kathmandu, victorious mountain men.